Barrett’s Esophagus
10. Barrett’s Esophagus Definition Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a peptic ulcer in the lower esophagus, often associated with stricture, caused by the presence of columnar-lined epithelium. The columnar-lined epithelium may…
Autonomic Hyperreflexia
9. Autonomic Hyperreflexia Definition Autonomic hyperreflexia is an imbalanced reflex sympathetic discharge that occurs in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) higher than the level of splanchnic sympathetic outflow. Autonomic…
Ankylosing Spondylosis
6. Ankylosing Spondylosis Definition Ankylosing spondylosis (AS) is rheumatoid arthritis of the spine found predominately in persons 20 to 40 years of age. It produces pain and stiffness as a…
Achondroplasia (Dwarfism)
2. Achondroplasia (Dwarfism) Definition Achondroplasia is a hereditary, congenital autosomal dominant disorder that produces abnormalities in the growth and/or remodeling of cartilage and bone affecting the skull, spine, and extremities….
Acromegaly
3. Acromegaly Definition Acromegaly is the abnormal enlargement of limbs and facial features as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone after maturity. The disease is usually the result of…
Acute Leukemia
4. Acute Leukemia Definition Leukemia is a progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming tissues marked by a distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and…
Acute Porphyria
5. Acute Porphyria Definition Porphyria, in general, is a broad disease category that encompasses eight distinct, related disorders. The acute variants may be characterized by demonstration of abdominal pain, neuropathy,…
Renal and Biliary Colic
Renal and Biliary Colic Andrew Worster Rahim Valani Renal Colic Renal colic occurs when calculi are formed in the renal collecting system. Risk factors include family history, bowel disease, increased…
Pediatric Pain Management
Pediatric Pain Management Suzan Schneeweiss Introduction There is a lack of recognition and treatment of pain in children. Pain relief for adult patients in the emergency department (ED) is 73%…
