DEFINITION Neuraxial anesthesia has predictable significant effects on respiration. These changes include altered pulmonary function, chest wall mechanics, gas exchange, and ventilatory control. There have been comparatively few studies on…
DEFINITION Hypotension is broadly defined as abnormally low blood pressure. Investigators have often developed operational definitions of hypotension for use in individual studies. It is the variations in these operational…
Nerve injury 28 Infection 24 Death/brain damage 9 Headache 20 Increased pain, no relief 10 From Fitzgibbon DR, Posner KL,Caplan RA, et al. Chronic pain management: American Society of Anesthesiologists…
DEFINITION AND SCOPE Use of Diagnostic Imaging to Improve Safety Diagnostic imaging is used broadly across all of medical practice to investigate the anatomic basis for new onset of many…
DEFINITION Infectious complications may occur after any regional anesthetic technique but are of greatest concern if the infection occurs near or within the neuraxis. The possible risk factors include underlying…
Analgesia Respiratory depression Cough suppression Nausea Euphoria Dysphoria Sedation Pruritus Miosis Direct bowel RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION Definition Respiratory depression is most…
DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS BY STATE MEDICAL BOARDS In several studies, physicians have cited state medical board scrutiny as an obstacle to prescribing opioids for pain treatment. The U.S. government’s “war on…
DEFINITION AND HISTORY The first prospective safety study of intrathecal lidocaine was performed by Phillips et al.4 and published in 1968. This study evaluated 10,440 patients (93% obstetric) undergoing spinal…
HISTORY AND CURRENT RELEVANCE As one of the earliest recognized complications of regional anesthesia, MPH has a long and colorful history.6 Dr. August Bier noted this adverse effect in the…
FIGURE 25-1. The Codman 3000 nonprogrammable, implantable intrathecal drug delivery pump. With the Codman system, intermittent injections can be given through a closed tip needle with a needle shaft aperture…
