Cyanosis

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Chapter 14 Cyanosis Madonna Fernández-Frackelton Perspective Epidemiology Cyanosis is a blue or purple appearance of the skin or mucous membranes. This clinical finding is caused by inadequately oxygenated blood perfusing…

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Mechanical Ventilation and Noninvasive Ventilatory Support

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Chapter 2 Mechanical Ventilation and Noninvasive Ventilatory Support Todd A. Seigel Perspective Invasive and noninvasive ventilation are essential components in the management of critically ill patients. Some patients require support…

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Constipation

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Chapter 32 Constipation Jan M. Shoenberger Perspective The term constipation refers to a symptom or complex of symptoms and not a specific diagnosis. Patients and health care providers often define…

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Confusion

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Chapter 17 Confusion J. Stephen Huff Perspective The term confusion connotes an alteration in higher cerebral functions, such as memory, attention, or awareness. In addition, the ability to sustain and…

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Sore Throat

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Chapter 23 Sore Throat David H. Newman and Ashley E. Shreves Perspective Epidemiology In 2007 the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey reported more than 2 million emergency department visits…

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Brain Resuscitation

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Chapter 8 Brain Resuscitation William J. Meurer and Robert Silbergleit Perspective Recognition of the dominant role of the brain in determining the quality of human life dates back to the…

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Seizures

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Chapter 18 Seizures Jason T. McMullan, Ana M. Davitt and Charles V. Pollack, Jr. Perspective Seizures are episodes of abnormal neurologic functioning caused by pathologically excessive activation of neurons, either…

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Hemoptysis

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Chapter 24 Hemoptysis Calvin A. Brown, III and Ali S. Raja Perspective Epidemiology Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract below the vocal cords. Most…

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Diarrhea

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Chapter 31 Diarrhea Robert E. Collier Perspective Most cases of diarrhea are self-limited and require only supportive care. Conversely, patients with more serious infection and associated comorbidity may have life-threatening…

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Monitoring the Emergency Patient

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Chapter 5 Monitoring the Emergency Patient Anthony M. Napoli and Baruch Krauss Perspective Monitoring is a routine part of emergency department (ED) care. From vital sign measurement to the provision…

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