Definition

Widespread, symmetric lesions that cause induration of the skin and are followed by atrophy and pigmentation changes characterize scleroderma. It is a systemic disease that affects muscles, bones, the heart, and the lungs. Intestinal and pulmonary changes also occur. Lung volumes, vital capacity, compliance, and dead space all decrease. The respiratory rate increases, and diffusion capacity is impaired. Pulmonary hypertension can occur.