Values provided below are from a range of sources. Wherever possible 2-D TEE values are given. In situations where these values are not available, or are poorly documented, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) or M-mode values are given
Normal 2-D dimensions
Aorta and Aortic Valve (End Diastole)
Normal (± SD) (cm)
Range (cm)
LVOT (TTE)
1.9 (0.2)
1.4–2.6
Aortic valve annulus (TTE)
1.9 (0.2)
1.4–2.6
Sinus of Valsalva (TTE)
2.8 (0.3)
2.1–3.5
Sinotubular junction (TTE)
2.4 (0.4)
1.7–3.4
Ascending aorta (TTE)
2.6 (0.3)
2.1–3.4
Descending thoracic (proximal)
2.1 (0.4)
1.4–3.0
Pulmonary Artery (End Diastole)
Pulmonary valve annulus (TTE)
1.5 (0.3)
1.0–2.2
Main pulmonary artery (TTE)
1.8 (0.3)
0.9–2.9
Left Atrium (ME Four-Chamber View)
Length (apex to mitral annulus)
3.8 (0.6)
2.0–5.2
Width (maximum dimension)
3.9 (0.7)
2.4–5.2
Right Atrium (ME Four-Chamber View)
Length (apex to tricuspid annulus)
3.8 (0.5)
2.8–5.2
Width (maximum dimension)
3.8 (0.6)
2.9–5.3
Left Ventricle (TG mid SAX view)
End systolic dimension (A–P)
2.8 (0.6)
1.8–4.0
End diastolic dimension (A–P)
4.3 (0.7)
2.3–5.4
End diastolic area
10.6–17.8 cm 2
Fractional area change
36–64%
Ejection fraction
55–75%
LV wall thickness (end diastole, M-mode, TTE)
Septum
<1.3 (male)
<1.2 (female)
Posterior wall
<1.2 (male)
<1.1 (female)
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