Examples of NSAIDs
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Ketorolac
Meloxicam
Indomethacin
Ketoprofen
Pitfalls
- 1.
Prescribing to patients at risk for bleeding
- 2.
Prescribing to patients with kidney disease
- 3.
Prescribing long-term doses
- 4.
Failing to suggest to take with food
9.7.2 Opioid Analgesics
Provide potent and immediate pain relief.
Side effects of these medications include gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding, and acute kidney injury.
Examples of opioids |
|---|
Codeine |
Fentanyl |
Hydrocodone |
Morphine |
Oxycodone |
Pitfalls
- 1.
Sedation
- 2.
Respiratory depression and apnea
- 3.
No anti-inflammatory effect
- 4.
Constipation
- 5.
Dependence, addiction, and withdrawal
- 6.
Risk of overdose
9.7.3 Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Provide long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production.
GERD is present in up to 60 % of patients with noncardiac chest pain [8]. Acid reflux causes symptoms of heartburn in some patients and chest pain in others. In patients with suspicion of GERD, gastroenterologists recommend that a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) be initiated at a high dose and tapered to the lowest dose that maintains symptomatic relief. Along with lifestyle modifications, this technique has a high success rate [5].
Examples of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) |
|---|
Esomeprazole |
Lansoprazole |
Omeprazole |
Pantoprazole |
Rabeprazole |
Pitfalls
- 1.
