Pharmacology. Iodine 131 is a product of fission reactions and likely to be a major form of internal radioactive contamination after a major nuclear reactor accident or weapon detonation.

Potassium iodide (KI) blocks thyroid gland uptake of the radioactive isotopes of iodine by both diluting the radioactive iodine and “filling” the gland with nontoxic iodine. The radioactive molecules are subsequently excreted in the urine.

For optimal protection, KI should be administered before or at the time of exposure to radioactive iodines but will have protective effects if initiated up to 4 hours after exposure. Daily administration is indicated until the risk for exposure to radioactive iodines no longer exists.

Indications. Potassium iodide is indicated for prevention of uptake of radioactive isotopes of iodine by the thyroid gland. Note: KI should be used only when and if directed by federal, state, or local public health officials.

Contraindications

1. 
   

   Known iodine allergy. Persons with the rare disorders of dermatitis herpetiformis and hypocomplementemic vasculitis are at increased risk for sensitivity.

   
   
2. 
   

   Iodine may be used in pregnant women, infants, and children, but safety has not been clearly established (see Section IV below).

Adverse effects

Related posts:

Anesthetics, Local Special Considerations in Pediatric Patients Anticonvulsants, Newer Emergency Evaluation and Treatment Beta2-Adrenergic Stimulants Copper