Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscope Intubation through the Laryngeal Mask Airway
Steven L. Orebaugh
Concept
One aspect of intubation with a fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) that can be frustrating is the tendency to advance the scope into the pharynx off of the midline, failing to view the glottis and becoming “lost” in the pharyngeal mucosa. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) provides an excellent introducer for the FOB because it is usually positioned directly atop the glottis, and whether the epiglottis is held open or folded down, it facilitates passage of the tip of the scope into the airway.1 The size 4 LMA, in both reusable and disposable versions, can only admit a size 6.0-mm internal diameter (ID) or (at best) size 6.5-mm ID. Although such a tube is adequate in diameter for ventilation of most adults, its length is foreshortened compared with larger diameter endotracheal tubes (ETTs), and it reaches only about 1 to 2 cm past the vocal cords and into the larynx when passed through the LMA device. Therefore, long-term stability of this ETT may be an issue, as even minor movement of the head or neck may dislodge it. Furthermore, it is difficult to remove the LMA without dislodging the ETT. However, for short-term use, as in the operating room, or for emergency ventilation followed by intubation during difficult airway management in other settings, the use of the LMA to assist with FOB intubation is a valuable technique.
Preparation
Prepare for LMA insertion (see Chapter 26)
Prepare for FOB intubation, using a 4-mm scope (larger scopes will be difficult to insert through the 6.0 or 6.5-mm ID ETT) (see Chapter 23)
If difficult ventilation requires emergent LMA insertion, then the ETT/FOB can be inserted through it during ongoing ventilation, using an FOB adaptor in the circuit: the tight fit of the ETT in LMA lumen allows ventilation through the ETT during insertionFull access? Get Clinical Tree