D Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is used to examine the colon and rectum to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and granulomatous colitis. Polyps can be removed through the colonoscope. The colonoscope is also helpful in diagnosing or locating the source of gastrointestinal bleeding; a biopsy of lesions suspected to be malignant may be performed.
2. Preoperative assessment and patient preparation
a) History and physical examination: Assess the patient’s hydration status, nutritional level, and electrolyte state.
