Anesthesia for Outpatient Dental Procedures


Upper right

Upper left

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

T

S

R

Q

P

O

N

M

L

K

Lower right

Lower left




  • As can be seen in Table 18.2, the permanent dentition is assigned numbers 1–32 starting in the upper right third molar and continuing to the lower right third molar.


    Table 18.2
    Universal numbering system – Permanent dentition




























































    Upper right

    Upper left

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    11

    12

    13

    14

    15

    16

    32

    31

    30

    29

    28

    27

    26

    25

    24

    23

    22

    21

    20

    19

    18
     

    Lower right

    Lower left






      Palmer Notation System


      The Palmer Notation system is widely used in the United Kingdom and is the primary means of identification by orthodontists. The Palmer Notation system splits the dental arch into four quadrants, starting with the central incisor following distally and posteriorly, with all four quadrants designated by a symbol (┘└ ┐┌) [5].



      • The primary dentition is assigned letters to the teeth from A to E in all four quadrants starting with the central incisor and moving distally, as shown in Table 18.3.


        Table 18.3
        Palmer notation system – Primary dentition










































        Upper right

        Upper left

        E

        D

        C

        B

        A

        A

        B

        C

        D

        E

        E

        D

        C

        B

        A

        A

        B

        C

        D

        E

        Lower right

        Lower left


      • The permanent dentition is assigned numbers from 1 to 8 in all four quadrants starting with the central incisor and moving distally, as shown in Table 18.4.


        Table 18.4
        Palmer notation system – Permanent dentition




























































        Upper right

        Upper left

        8

        7

        6

        5

        4

        3

        2

        1

        1

        2

        3

        4

        5

        6

        7

        8

        8

        7

        6

        5

        4

        3

        2

        1

        1

        2

        3

        4

        5

        6

        7

        8

        Lower right

        Lower left



      Dental Procedures


      The majority of dental procedures are performed in the dental office. For most dental procedures, local anesthesia with or without sedation is sufficient. However, there are many patient medical conditions and procedural needs that may require additional monitoring and deeper levels of sedation than can be completed in the outpatient office.

      Medical Conditions [2, 19, 21]



      • Ischemic heart disease


      • Congenital heart disease


      • Pulmonary impairment with oxygen requirements


      • Bleeding disorders


      • Craniofacial abnormalities


      • Orofacial trauma


      • Mental retardation or severe behavioral disturbances


      • Malignant Hyperthermia or at increased risk


      Levels of Sedation


      There are varying degrees of sedation that patients can receive for dental procedures. Sedation and analgesia comprise a continuum of states ranging from minimal sedation (anxiolysis) through general anesthesia.


      Minimal Sedation (Anxiolysis)




    • Aug 26, 2017 | Posted by in Uncategorized | Comments Off on Anesthesia for Outpatient Dental Procedures

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